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More than 16,000 Californians served as soldiers in the Union Army during the Civil War. One California unit, the 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry, consisted largely of Californio Hispanic volunteers from the “Cow Counties” of Southern California and the Central Coast. Out-of-work vaqueros who enlisted after drought decimated the herds they worked, the Native Cavalrymen lent the army their legendary horsemanship and carried lances that evoked both the romance of the Californios and the Spanish military tradition. Californio Lancers, the first detailed history of the 1st Battalion, illuminates their role in the conflict and brings new diversity to Civil War history.
Author Tom Prezelski notes that the Californios, less than a generation removed from the U.S.-Mexican War, were ambivalent about serving in the Union Army, but poverty trumped their misgivings. Based on his extensive research in the service records of individual officers and enlisted men, Prezelski describes both the problems and the accomplishments of the 1st Battalion. Despite a desertion rate among enlisted men that exceeded 50 percent for some companies, and despite the feuds among its officers, the Native Cavalry was the face of federal authority in the region, and their presence helped retain the West for the Union during the rebellion. The battalion pursued bandits, fought an Indian insurrection in northern California, garrisoned Confederate-leaning southern California, patrolled desert trails, guarded the border, and attempted to control the Chiricahua Apaches in southern Arizona.
Although some ten thousand Spanish-surnamed Americans served during the Civil War, their support of the Union is almost unknown in the popular imagination. Californio Lancers contributes to our understanding of the Civil War in the Far West and how it transformed the Mexican-American community.
- Sales Rank: #762371 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-08-19
- Released on: 2015-08-19
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
Tom Prezelski is an independent historian whose articles have appeared in the Journal of Arizona History, the Arizona Daily Star, and the Tucson Sentinel. A former Arizona State Representative, he lives in Tucson, Arizona.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Lincoln's Lancers
By A. A. Nofi
A summary of the review on StrategyPage.Com
'Independent historian Prezelski takes a look at one of the most unique units to ever serve in the U.S. Army, a battalion of lancers that served in California and Arizona. Composed largely of “native” (i.e. Mexican-American) Californios, with a surprising seasoning of men from across Latin America and a few European adventurers, the lancers fought Native Americans, most notably Apaches, chased bandits, helped keep Confederate sympathizers in California under control, and secured the boundary with Imperial Mexico. In telling the story of this unique unit, Prezelski delves into the history of American rule in California, including the unsavory racism of the times, and the state’s role in the Civil War. He gives us profiles of some interesting people, most of whom are now long forgotten, notably Andrés Pico, touches upon matters military from recruiting policies to the design and composition of the lance used, to desertion rates in the battalion, and much more. This is an interesting book about an unusual aspect of the Civil War.'
For the full review, see StrategyPage.Com
2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Interesting, readable much needed account of forgotten history
By D. Hocking
Californio Lancers: The 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry in the Far West, 1863-1866. By Tom Prezelski, Norman: The Arthur H. Clark Company/University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. Maps, illus., appendixes, table, notes, biblio., index, 248 pages. ISBN 978-0-87062-436-0. $32.95.
This is a detailed, well-researched and readable account of a forgotten unit. Californio Lancers delves into an important but often overlooked part of the Civil War. Lucid and well-written the book provides a complete account of the unit, its men and challenges. Our sense of that war tends to focus on the divisions between North and South, slave and free and miss the many other divisions that tore at the nation. Union leaders struggled to keep northern slave states in the Union and to keep Illinois and Indiana Butternuts from going south. In the West, the Union had gained huge territories populated by Mormons who had fought an 1857 war against the country and former Mexican citizens who hadn’t completely assimilated. To the south in January 1862, the French, taking advantage of U.S. distraction landed an expeditionary force in Mexico. They posed a threat not only to Mexico but to the newly acquired lands of the southwest. California was difficult to tie into the Union because of its distance from the east coast. It also faced threats from outlaws, Confederate sympathizers, and native population not yet assimilated.
On May 5, 1862, a set back to the French was celebrated in distant California where Cinco de Mayo remains a source of pride. Local leaders recognizing both the French threat and native Californian dislike for colonial French, decided in 1863, to raise a mounted battalion of native Californios, fabled horsemen. They would be lancers because that was the weapon of choice of their ancestors. To many the weapon seems archaic, but at the time it was a source of pride.
Each of the four companies was recruited in a different city at in 1863 and 1864, and had a different initial experience. The companies raised in the north did not attract native Californios, instead drawing immigrants from France, South America and Germany. They suffered from slow enlistment and desertion rates in the 50% range. They might have ceased to function had not most of the deserters returned to the ranks. They chased bandits and Indians in California and served to quiet tensions where Confederate sympathy ran hot. The battalion suffered from unsuitable officers, rivalries between leaders and irregular keeping of the unit rolls and pay books. The two companies recruited at Santa Barbara and Los Angeles in 1864, attracted natives and had much lower desertion rates. Finally, in late 1865, the battalion consolidated at Drum Barracks under Major John Cremony and marched, a company at a time, across the desert to Fort Mason, Calabasas, Arizona, south of Tubac. There most of the battalion became sick with fever. They guarded against Maximillian and confronted his forces at Magdelena, Sonora, in a small action that may have been significant stalling the French. They fought one campaign against Apaches before returning to California for discharge in 1866.
Former members of the unit took pride in their service and this was significant in binding California to the Union. They faced prejudice and had officers replaced for indiscretions that might not have been considered so in the Mexican army or in the Hispanic population of the west coast. The Battalion of Native Lancers is something Californios can take pride in.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Handsome, Well Written, Deeply Researched Gem
By Amazon Customer
Californio Lancers is a clear, concise account of the brave contributions to the Union war efforts in the southwest by Spanish-speaking natives of Mexican heritage living on California ranches forcibly annexed by the United States from Mexico in 1848. Mr. Prezelski has brought to light a story from the 1860s that provides an illuminative perspective of the prejudices and suspicions that continue to fester in modern times against many loyal US citizens based solely on their racial or religious heritage. The maps are beautifully crafted and the clarity of the illustrations included is remarkable. This handsome, well written, deeply researched volume is a gem.
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